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Translatio studii means, literally, the "transfer of knowledge or learning" from one geographical place, and time, to another. The concept is closely linked to translatio imperii, which similarly describes the movement of imperial dominance. Both terms are thought to have their origins in the second chapter of the Book of Daniel in the Hebrew Bible. ==History of the concept== It is a celebrated topos in medieval literature, most notably articulated in the prologue to Chrétien de Troyes's ''Cliges'', composed ca. 1170. There, Chrétien explains that Greece was first the seat of all knowledge, then it came to Rome, and now it has come to France, where, by the grace of God, it shall remain forever more. In the Renaissance and later, historians saw the metaphorical light of learning as moving much as the light of the sun did: westward. According to this notion, the first center of learning was Eden, followed by Jerusalem, and Babylon. From there, the light of learning moved westward to Athens, and then west to Rome. After Rome, learning moved west to Paris. From there, enlightenment purportedly moved west to London, though other nations laid claim to the mantle, most notably Russia, which would involve a retrograde motion and rupture in the westerly direction. The metaphor of "translatio studii" went out of fashion in the 18th century, but such English Renaissance authors as George Herbert were already predicting that learning would move next to America. A pessimistic corollary metaphor is the "translatio stultitiae." As learning moves west, as the earth turns and light falls ever westward, so night follows and claims the places learning has departed from. The metaphor of the translatio stultitia informs Alexander Pope's ''Dunciad,'' and particularly book IV of the ''Greater Dunciad'' of 1741, which opens with the nihilistic invocation: :"Yet, yet a moment, one dim Ray of Light :Indulge, dread Chaos, and eternal Night!" (''B'' IV 1-2) :"Suspend a while your Force inertly strong, :Then take at once the Poet, and the Song." (ibid. 7-8). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Translatio studii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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